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In the VALS framework,a person's resources include all of the following EXCEPT:


A) material
B) physical
C) temporal
D) psychological
E) demographic

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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The information search stage clarifies the problem for the consumer by: (1) suggesting criteria to use for the purchase; (2) yielding brand names that might meet the criteria; and (3) __________.


A) developing consumer value perceptions.
B) evaluating particular products
C) selecting the type of retail outlet.
D) establishing a purchase timeline.
E) creating a hierarchy of needs.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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In the VALS framework,consumers who enjoy the new,the offbeat,and the risky as well as find outlets in exercise,sports,outdoor recreation,and social activities are referred to as __________.


A) Believers
B) Strivers
C) Achievers
D) Makers
E) Experiencers

F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Marketers recognize that people have an actual self-concept and __________.


A) a view of self determined by their peers
B) a view of self determined by psychology
C) an abstract self-concept
D) an ideal self-concept
E) an inconsistent self-concept

F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Motivation refers to


A) the stimulus required to cause a consumer to do something uncharacteristic of himself.
B) the energizing force that stimulates behavior to satisfy a consumer need.
C) a person's consistent behaviors or responses to recurring situations.
D) the way people see themselves and the way they believe others see them.
E) a learned predisposition to respond to an object or class of objects in a consistently favorable or unfavorable way.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Sanaa recently made partner at her law firm,and she is rewarding herself with the purchase of the new car.She was overheard telling a coworker,"The Volvo has nine airbags but the Cadillac drives so smoothly." Sanaa is currently in which stage of the purchase decision process?


A) problem recognition
B) information search
C) alternative evaluation
D) purchase decision
E) postpurchase evaluation

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following statements about family decision making is most accurate?


A) The use of joint decision making is directly related to the educational levels achieved by the spouses.
B) Husbands make most of the purchase decisions made about cars,vacation,and homes.
C) The two types of family decision making are joint and autonomous.
D) With autonomous decision making,the husband would make all the decisions about groceries,medicine,and car maintenance.
E) Women have little influence when it comes to men's clothing purchases except for socks or ties.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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The family life cycle concept refers to


A) the distinct phases a family progresses through from the birth of children to when the children leave home,each phase bringing with it identifiable purchasing behaviors.
B) the distinct phases a family progresses through from the birth of children to retirement,each phase bringing with it identifiable purchasing behaviors.
C) the distinct phases a blended family progresses through from marriage to separation,divorce,and remarriage,each phase bringing with it identifiable purchasing behaviors.
D) the distinct phases a family progresses through from formation to retirement,each phase bringing with it identifiable purchasing behaviors.
E) the intergenerational purchasing habits and product preferences that are passed down from one generation to the next.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

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You have determined you want to buy an advanced hybrid vehicle,and a visit to Ford's website has revealed that the Ford Escape uses hybrid fuel technology with the latest in technology.You are currently in which stage of the consumer purchase decision process for an automobile?


A) problem recognition
B) needs analysis
C) purchase decision
D) information search
E) postpurchase evaluation

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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The process by which people acquire the skills,knowledge,and attitudes necessary to function as consumers is referred to as __________.


A) consumer assimilation
B) consumer socialization
C) consumer lifestyle
D) purchasing socialization
E) purchasing enculturation

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements about how women buy cars today is most accurate?


A) Women are more concerned with features that would help survive an accident; men are more concerned with features that would help avoid an accident.
B) Women have definite likes or dislikes when buying a car,but they don't feel comfortable expressing their opinions.
C) When it comes to the actual purchase process,women are more adept negotiators than men.
D) Women care more about exterior styles and lines and men are more concerned with cargo space and gas mileage.
E) Women usually shop one dealership before making a decision and men usually shop three.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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The question,"Which brand of smartphone does my roommate own?",would be asked during the __________ stage in the consumer purchase decision process.


A) problem recognition
B) alternative evaluation
C) information search
D) purchase decision
E) comparison

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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The VALS framework segments consumers based on


A) their primary motivation for buying products and their resources.
B) their demographics and their preferred shopping channel.
C) their product usage,age,and gender.
D) where they live and their median home price.
E) their media usage and education level.

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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Claire has just told her best friend,"I'm so glad I bought the Samsung Galaxy S III rather than those other smartphones I was considering.Look at this incredible display,and the battery stays charged forever." Which stage of the consumer purchase decision process is demonstrated by Claire's conversation?


A) problem recognition
B) information search
C) alternative evaluation
D) purchase decision
E) postpurchase behavior

F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Edison noticed that the prices at a new video game rental website was lower than the prices at most of the other of these types of websites or retail stores such as Game Stop.He is exhibiting


A) cognitive dissonance.
B) selective retention.
C) stimulus discrimination.
D) selective comprehension.
E) stimulus generalization.

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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Scanning your memory for previous experiences with products or brands occurs during which stage of the consumer purchase decision process?


A) information search
B) purchase decision
C) alternative evaluation
D) postpurchase behavior
E) problem recognition

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements about psychographics is most accurate?


A) Psychographics is unable to provide actionable information about potential customers since the data obtained from the research is too subjective to be reliably interpreted and acted upon.
B) Although helpful in segmenting markets,psychographics is limited in its ability to target consumers.
C) Psychographics combines demographic data,psychological data,and actual spending data of consumers to create VALS profiles.
D) Psychographics combines psychology,lifestyle,and demographics to uncover consumer motivations for buying and using offerings.
E) Psychographic data is extremely vulnerable to current social trends and therefore is best suited to new market-product combinations rather than existing ones.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following is NOT part of the physical surroundings of a retail store that can influence how purchase decisions are made?


A) decor
B) crowding
C) lighting
D) music
E) time of day

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following statements about brand loyalty is most accurate?


A) Learning has little affect on brand loyalty because most habits are instinctual.
B) Brand loyalty increases the perceived risk associated with impulse purchases.
C) The incidence of brand loyalty is steadily rising in North America.
D) Brand loyalty results from the positive reinforcement of previous actions.
E) The best way to enhance brand loyalty is to brand all new products with the same brand name.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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The VALS framework is an example of


A) a personality assessment.
B) cognitive learning theory.
C) a psychographic system.
D) a study on the hierarchy of needs.
E) geodemographic segmentation.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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