Question 1

Compared with quartz, minerals that include the positively charged ions of aluminum, iron, magnesium, and calcium are ___ vulnerable to chemical weathering by acidic solutions.

Accepted Answer

A)   just as
B)   less
C)   more
D)   notE) A) and B)
F) None of the above C

Question 2

Under wet and humid tropical conditions the least soluble material is the aluminum oxide called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   limonite
B)   chert
C)   bauxite
D)   peat
E)   humusF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

The only processes that affect rock are weathering and climate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Sand-size grains of feldspar can be preserved in a soil profile over great time periods because of feldspar's resistance to chemical weathering.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

________ forms as a chemical weathering product of iron-rich minerals.

Accepted Answer

A)   Hematite
B)   Limonite
C)   Quartz
D)   Both hematite and limonite are correct.
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 6

Plants, such as roots growing in cracks, and animals compacting the soil, have little influence on mechanical weathering.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The solution of calcite in a limestone supplies substantial amounts of ______ to ground water.

Accepted Answer

A)   calcium ions in solution
B)   an acid
C)   bicarbonate ions in solution
D)   All of the choices are correct.
E)   Both calcium ions in solution and bicarbonate ions in solution.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

When fossil fuels are burned _____, enter the atmosphere to form acid rain.

Accepted Answer

A)   oxides of nitrogen (NO2)  and sulfur (SO2) 
B)   hydrochloric acids
C)   oxalic acids
D)   hydrogen and bicarbonate ions
E)   helium and argonF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 9

Expanding ice in soil pushes large boulders down into the ground.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 10

The reduction of pressure on a body of rock can cause it to crack as it expands.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

_______ is a byproduct of rock weathering.

Accepted Answer

A)   Soil
B)   Metamorphic rock
C)   Igneous rock
D)   Water
E)   OilF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

Ferromagnesian minerals such as pyroxene, amphibole, biotite, and olivine are chemically altered in the presence of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   quartz
B)   helium
C)   oxygen
D)   argon
E)   micaF) None of the above
G) A) and C) C

Question 13

A soil formed entirely through the weathering of basalt would not contain sand-sized grains of __.

Accepted Answer

A)   clay
B)   feldspar
C)   olivine
D)   pyroxene
E)   quartzF) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 14

What, in terms of Earth systems, forms an essential interface between the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)   chert
B)   quartz
C)   soil
D)   oxides of iron and aluminum
E)   ferromagnesian mineralsF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 15

______, formed as water evaporates inside small spaces in rock, helps disintegrate desert rocks.

Accepted Answer

A)   Calcite
B)   Salt
C)   Quartz
D)   Hematite
E)   IceF) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

Oxygen is abundant in the atmosphere but it does not combine with minerals of the Earth's crust.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The process of chemical weathering is also called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   chemical decomposition
B)   rock decomposition
C)   dissolution
D)   decomposition
E)   weathering decompositionF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 18

The _____ horizon is the incompletely weathered parent material lying below the B-horizon.

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   E
E)   OF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 19

The _______ horizon is the dark-colored soil horizon that is rich in organic material and forms just below the surface vegetation.

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   E
E)   OF) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 20

The ____ describes the process in which this dominant greenhouse gas circulates among Earth systems.

Accepted Answer

A)   calcium cycle
B)   sodium cycle
C)   potassium cycle
D)   helium cycle
E)   carbon cycleF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Exam 5: Weathering and Soil

Compared with quartz, minerals that include the positively charged ions of aluminum, iron, magnesium, and calcium are ___ vulnerable to chemical weathering by acidic solutions.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Under wet and humid tropical conditions the least soluble material is the aluminum oxide called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The only processes that affect rock are weathering and climate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sand-size grains of feldspar can be preserved in a soil profile over great time periods because of feldspar's resistance to chemical weathering.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ forms as a chemical weathering product of iron-rich minerals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plants, such as roots growing in cracks, and animals compacting the soil, have little influence on mechanical weathering.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The solution of calcite in a limestone supplies substantial amounts of ______ to ground water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When fossil fuels are burned _____, enter the atmosphere to form acid rain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Expanding ice in soil pushes large boulders down into the ground.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

The reduction of pressure on a body of rock can cause it to crack as it expands.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______ is a byproduct of rock weathering.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ferromagnesian minerals such as pyroxene, amphibole, biotite, and olivine are chemically altered in the presence of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

A soil formed entirely through the weathering of basalt would not contain sand-sized grains of __.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What, in terms of Earth systems, forms an essential interface between the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

______, formed as water evaporates inside small spaces in rock, helps disintegrate desert rocks.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Oxygen is abundant in the atmosphere but it does not combine with minerals of the Earth's crust.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of chemical weathering is also called ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ horizon is the incompletely weathered parent material lying below the B-horizon.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _______ horizon is the dark-colored soil horizon that is rich in organic material and forms just below the surface vegetation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ____ describes the process in which this dominant greenhouse gas circulates among Earth systems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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False

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C

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