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Exam 15: Language and Thought Part 1

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Question 81

Multiple Choice

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A shortcut, "rule of thumb," or guiding principle used in solving problems or making decisions is

A) an analogy.
B) trial and error.
C) algorithm.
D) a heuristic.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Question 82

Multiple Choice

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Infants typically say their first word between ____ months of age.

A) 6 and 9
B) 10 and 13
C) 14 and 17
D) 18 and 21

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Question 83

Multiple Choice

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Overregularization occurs when

A child's early two-word utterances

Michiko lives in Japan and Krystal, Michiko's pen pal, lives in the United States. Based on the research by Nisbett and his colleagues into cultural differences in cognitive styles, you should predict that when these two friends are solving problems, Michiko will tend to use ____ cognitive style, while Krystal will tend to use ____ cognitive style.

Claudia wants to send a fragile vase to her parents for their anniversary, but she can't find any appropriate packing material in her house. She decides to pop some popcorn and use that to pack around the vase. In this case, Claudia has

Car A has good mileage, a low price, and low maintenance, or three pluses. Car B has only a low price and low maintenance, or two pluses. So, I'll choose Car A. This is an example of

Four-year-old Nina says: "I runned all the way home." This MOST likely indicates that

Which of the following situations would lead you to suspect that the child has a language development problem?

Underextension would be evident if a three-year-old child

The two sentences "Tom hit John" and "John hit Tom" are the same in regard to

Jenna is 14 months old and uses only "bottle, no, up, bye-bye, mama, and dada" when she talks. However, when the family is on their way to visit Jenna's grandmother, and her father tells Jenna to get her blue bunny from the bedroom and bring it with her, Jenna quickly runs to get the bunny. This episode demonstrates that

When a child incorrectly uses a word to describe a narrower set of objects or actions than it is meant to, that child is showing evidence of

When the word "jar" is changed to the word "jars," the number of

Mrs. Bondle seldom corrects her 4-year-old's grammatical errors, such as "Her drinked my milk." However, she is careful to correct factual errors, such as "Tiger ate his milk." Assuming Mrs. Bondle's child develops normal language skills, her pattern of feedback would be inconsistent with

The component of language that would be evident if an individual recognizes that "give" and "take" have opposite meanings is

Semantics is the component of language concerned with

The active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily attainable is the cognitive structure known as

Observing the similarities between a new problem to be solved and one you've successfully solved in the past is called

In which case would working backward to solve a problem be an effective strategy?