Exam 28: Cold War America

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The criticisms of postwar society and cu...

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A) give up their jobs to returning veterans.
B) work longer hours.
C) limit family sizes.
D) stay single.
E) advance their job skills through college.

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A) was the African American writer who wrote the novel Invisible Man, which explores life in a superficial world
B) was a popular radio personality and priest who wrote a phenomenal best-selling book on practical Christianity
C) was the openly gay cultural figure who wrote the provocative prose-poem "Howl"
D) challenged bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama, by being arrested rather than giving up a seat to a white man
E) wrote The Crack in the Picture Window, a vicious satire of affluent suburbia
F) was the American pilot who had spied on the Soviets by taking pictures of military installations
G) proclaimed the creation of a Democratic Republic of Vietnam and used force to resist the restoration of a colonial regime
H) was the Soviet premier who threatened to give East Germany control of East Berlin and walked out of the resulting summit meeting
I) was an Arkansas governor who argued that racial integration was an issue of states rights
J) was a chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court under whose leadership it was an engine for social and political change
K) led a Communist regime in Cuba and failed to be ousted despite a secret operation authorized by Eisenhower
L) was the prime minister of Iran who cut diplomatic ties with Great Britain and was later overthrown

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A) Marxist-Leninism
B) black nationalism
C) massive resistance
D) McGarveyism
E) nonviolent civil disobedience

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There are several possible reasons why A...

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Fidel Castro's takeover in Cuba had a si...

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During the 1950s, prevailing images of m...

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A) major environmental benefits due to how little energy window-units used
B) a decrease in the size of the middle class and in average income
C) an increase in the population of the Sun Belt states
D) widespread economic decline because customers were less likely to enter retail stores
E) an increase in the population of the states in the Great Lakes region

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A) They both were African American writers who helped promote racial inclusiveness through their work.
B) They both focused on celebrating the prosperity of the 1950s United States and the benefits shared by mass society.
C) They both directed their attention to portraying life abroad during the 1950s, which helped influence similar developments in the United States.
D) They both were Beats poets whose primary focus was highlighting social inequalities and promoting feminism and selfless activism.
E) They both treated the upper-middle-class suburbs and the culture of comfortable conformity of the 1950s as literary targets.

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A) Car ownership was still limited to only the wealthiest and most elite members of society, contributing to the overwhelming public sentiment that emphasized the group over individualism.
B) Few American households owned a car due a slew of major improvements made to public transit systems such as buses and the movement of white people from suburbs to cities.
C) Half of American households owned a car, which caused a crisis in the hotel industry since people could now travel far more quickly as well as a fall in commute times since it was easier to relocate.
D) Car ownership was so widespread that it had little to do with social status, as few models of cars existed and car manufacturers were still hurting from increased Second World War production levels.
E) Most American households owned a car, resulting in a greater range of choices such as the growth of fast-food restaurants as well as unintended consequences such as environmental pollution.

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E

A) rude manner toward adults.
B) African American background.
C) bland conformity.
D) elite upbringing.
E) suggestive dancing onstage.

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A) It was a type of housing discrimination shown toward African Americans that soon stopped when the federal government banned it and funded many mixed communities.
B) It was the movement of poor whites fleeing the South for jobs in big northern cities since the economic boom following the war never arrived in the South.
C) It was the return of white Americans to the rural countryside, as farming became the most lucrative occupation in part due to the lack of food Americans had during the war.
D) It was the movement of many whites to suburbs in response to the migration of African Americans from the rural South to northern cities in search of better opportunities after the war.
E) It was the movement of Puerto Rican Americans to Puerto Rico because there was a shortage of housing in northern cities after large numbers of white Americans moved there after the war.

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A) Intervening in Iran proved to be the first and last time since the Second World War that the United States detonated a nuclear weapon, signaling the height of the cold war.
B) The rise of an increasingly authoritarian regime in Iran as a result of U.S. involvement convinced Eisenhower that he must refuse to target the government of Guatemala.
C) The United States proved unsuccessful in toppling Iranian rulers and lost many soldiers in the process, causing Eisenhower to become more isolationist and avoid similar future interventions.
D) A CIA-engineered coup in Iran was viewed as successful and emboldened Eisenhower to authorize other secret operations to undermine governments thought to be falling victim to communism.
E) By giving assistance to the shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, U.S. forces made Iran more stable, earned the trust of the Iranian people, and ensured peaceful interactions with Iran decades later.

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Several factors contributed to America's postwar prosperity. One of the main factors was the country's industrial and technological advancements during World War II, which continued to drive economic growth in the postwar period. Additionally, the GI Bill provided educational and housing benefits to millions of veterans, leading to a more educated and skilled workforce. The Marshall Plan also played a significant role by providing aid to help rebuild war-torn European countries, which in turn created new markets for American goods and services. The expansion of consumer credit and the rise of the automobile and housing industries also fueled economic growth. The development of new technologies, such as television and air conditioning, further stimulated consumer spending. Furthermore, government policies, such as tax cuts and deregulation, encouraged business investment and entrepreneurship. While America's postwar prosperity brought significant economic growth and opportunities for many, not everyone benefited equally. The prosperity was not shared by all, as racial and gender inequalities persisted, and certain groups, such as African Americans and women, faced discrimination and limited access to economic opportunities. Additionally, the benefits of the postwar prosperity were not evenly distributed across different regions of the country, with some areas experiencing more economic growth and development than others. In conclusion, America's postwar prosperity was driven by a combination of factors, including technological advancements, government policies, and consumer spending. While the prosperity brought economic growth and opportunities for many, it did not benefit all segments of society equally, highlighting the need for continued efforts to address inequalities and ensure more inclusive economic growth.