Question 1

The first host response to a nonspecific tissue injury is described as

Accepted Answer

A)   inflammation.
B)   reaction.
C)   antibodies.
D)   trauma.
E)   fever.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

Fever

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibits bacterial growth AND speeds up the body's reactions.
B)   enhances bacterial growth AND speeds up the body's reactions.
C)   inhibits bacterial growth AND triggers complement activation.
D)   speeds up the body's reactions AND triggers complement activation.
E)   enhances bacterial growth AND triggers complement activation.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

Which of the following are phagocytic cells found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A)   Erythrocytes AND neutrophils
B)   Neutrophils AND megakaryocytes
C)   Neutrophils AND macrophages
D)   Megakaryocytes AND leukocytes
E)   Macrophages AND erythrocytesF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 4

Neutrophils are the second phagocytic cell to respond to an infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following statements about interferon is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)   It only works on a few specific types of virus.
B)   It makes cells resistant to viral infection.
C)   It is a species specific molecule.
D)   It does not directly inactivate viruses.
E)   IFNs regulate several immune responses.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

A physician is attempting new therapies for HIV patients who are suffering from an impaired immune response. He decides to try using a recombinant form of colony-stimulating factor cytokine (CSF) . Why?

Accepted Answer

A)   CSF is a strong inducer of antiviral activities in our cells, and may help our immune system fight off the effects of an HIV infection for a longer period of time.
B)   CSF will help to stimulate the production of new lymphocytes, the very cells that are affected by HIV. This may help to keep the patients' immune responses "normal" for a period of time.
C)   CSF will hyperstimulate the activities of the macrophages, leading to aggressive ingestion and successful destruction of HIV-infected cells.
D)   CSF will drive up the production of lactoferrin and transferrin, strong antiviral compounds produced in our mucus membrane secretions that trap and destroy viruses.
E)   CSF is a cytokine that allows cells to communicate. If levels of CSF are elevated, HIV-infected cells can alert other healthy cells so that they produce protective IFNs.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

A group of interacting serum proteins that provide a nonspecific defense mechanism is

Accepted Answer

A)   complement.
B)   interferon.
C)   glycoprotein.
D)   lysozyme.
E)   antibody.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 8

How are macrophages and neutrophils similar, and how are they different?

Accepted Answer

A)   Macrophages and neutrophils both circulate in the blood. Macrophages are phagocytic cells while neutrophils are granulocytes but not phagocytes.
B)   Macrophages and neutrophils are both phagocytic cells. Macrophages reside in the tissues while neutrophils typically circulate in the blood.
C)   Macrophages and neutrophils are both abundant cell types in tissues. Macrophages are phagocytic cells while neutrophils are not.
D)   Macrophages and neutrophils are both phagocytic cells. Macrophages are granulocytes while neutrophils are effector cells.
E)   Macrophages and neutrophils are both leukocytes. Macrophages are granulocytes and neutrophils are lymphocytes.F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

Which is not involved in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tear flow
B)   Antibody production
C)   T cells
D)   B cells
E)   Tear flow AND B cellsF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following is mismatched regarding protection of the body from pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A)   Stomach-acid conditions and normal microbiota
B)   Skin-salt, fatty acids, and normal microbiota
C)   Respiratory tract-mucociliary escalator
D)   Peroxidases-milk, saliva, mucus, and some phagocytes
E)   Saliva-lysozyme, peroxidase, and lactoferrinF) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 11

The complement pathway that is activated by mannan-binding protein is the

Accepted Answer

A)   classical pathway.
B)   alternative pathway.
C)   C3 pathway.
D)   lectin pathway.
E)   properdin pathway.F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

Toll-like receptors

Accepted Answer

A)   are cytokines, are embedded in cellular membranes, AND are part of adaptive immunity.
B)   each recognize a specific "danger" molecule AND are cytokines.
C)   are embedded in cellular membranes AND are part of adaptive immunity.
D)   each recognize a specific "danger" molecule AND are embedded in cellular membranes.
E)   each recognize a specific "danger" molecule AND are part of adaptive immunity.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

Your patient doesn't understand all of the cell names that you have used. You educate him on the role of each cell type. One cell type that plays a role in adaptive immunity rather than innate immunity. Which cell is this?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neutrophils-type of phagocytic cell in the blood that quickly move to infected tissues, where they engulf and destroy invading microbes.
B)   Macrophages-type of phagocytic cell that resides in tissues, engulfing invaders and debris, and producing pro-inflammatory cytokines.
C)   Dendritic cells-antigen-presenting cells that "show" antigens to T cells, playing an essential role in their activation.
D)   Eosinophils-primary role is to rid the body of parasitic worms; also involved in allergy.
E)   Mast cells-tissue cells that are important in the inflammatory response and immediate allergic reactions.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

Which is not a component of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Skin
B)   Antibody
C)   Inflammation
D)   Fever
E)   Mucus membranesF) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 15

Skin and mucous membranes are mostly involved in

Accepted Answer

A)   adaptive immunity.
B)   innate immunity.
C)   autoimmunity.
D)   irregular immunity.
E)   secondary immunity.F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

Pyrogens are

Accepted Answer

A)   fever-inducing substances.
B)   fever-inhibiting substances.
C)   phagocytosis-enhancing substances.
D)   complement activators.
E)   pus-producing substances.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

C3b is involved in

Accepted Answer

A)   opsonization.
B)   interferon production.
C)   properdin activation.
D)   endotoxin production.
E)   inflammation.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 18

The four cardinal signs of inflammation are

Accepted Answer

A)   Flare, wheals, fever, cough
B)   Redness, heat, swelling, pain
C)   Rash, pus, heat, rubor
D)   Heat, pain, vesicles, fever
E)   Heat, pain, redness, faintingF) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 19

Factors that work generically against any foreign substance entering the host are described as

Accepted Answer

A)   innate immunity.
B)   specific immunity.
C)   irregular immunity.
D)   immune metabolism.
E)   adaption.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 20

Which of the following are lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)   B cells
B)   T cells
C)   NK cells
D)   B cells AND T cells
E)   B cells, T cells, AND NK cellsF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Exam 14: The Innate Immune Response

Which of the following are phagocytic cells found in the human body?

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Which of the following is mismatched regarding protection of the body from pathogens?

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C3b is involved in

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Which of the following statements about interferon is incorrect?

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Which is not involved in adaptive immunity?

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Which of the following are lymphocytes?

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Pyrogens are

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Factors that work generically against any foreign substance entering the host are described as

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Neutrophils are the second phagocytic cell to respond to an infection.

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Your patient doesn't understand all of the cell names that you have used. You educate him on the role of each cell type. One cell type that plays a role in adaptive immunity rather than innate immunity. Which cell is this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fever

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Skin and mucous membranes are mostly involved in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A physician is attempting new therapies for HIV patients who are suffering from an impaired immune response. He decides to try using a recombinant form of colony-stimulating factor cytokine (CSF) . Why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Toll-like receptors

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The first host response to a nonspecific tissue injury is described as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How are macrophages and neutrophils similar, and how are they different?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The four cardinal signs of inflammation are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A group of interacting serum proteins that provide a nonspecific defense mechanism is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The complement pathway that is activated by mannan-binding protein is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is not a component of innate immunity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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