Question 1

Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are closely linked to

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional stress.
B)  malnutrition.
C)  toxicity effects.D) None of the above
E) A) and B)

Question 2

Which of the following presents the greatest lifetime risk of death to people in the US?

Accepted Answer

A)  poisonous snakes
B)  dog bites
C)  plane crashes
D)  lightning
E)  drowningF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

In 1918 a flu pandemic killed more than 50 million people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A chemical that causes abnormalities in a growing fetus is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  teratogen.
B)  mutagen.
C)  carcinogen.
D)  endocrine disruptor.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

An advantage of testing for toxicity by exposing animals to chemicals is that using animals is

Accepted Answer

A)  cheaper than other methods.
B)  faster than other methods.
C)  usually quite humane.
D)  easier than using computer models.
E)  a trusted and usually reliable way to get results.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

Hazardous substances ________ while toxins are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  react with specific cell components to kill cells;poisonous substances
B)  are dangerous substances;poisonous substances
C)  are usually of concern at all concentrations;are dangerous substances
D)  All of these are true.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Historically,which of the following considerations in setting standards for toxic exposure has been emphasized the least?

Accepted Answer

A)  Information about how toxins affect natural ecological systems.
B)  Different members of the population have different sensitivities to toxins.
C)  Information about both chronic and acute exposures to a toxin.
D)  The bioaccumulation potential of the toxin.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

The accumulation of a substance,such as a toxic chemical,in various tissues of a living organism is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  bioaccumulation.
B)  body burden.
C)  mutagen.
D)  biomagnification.
E)  carrying capacity.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

Toxic substances are dangerous because they

Accepted Answer

A)  react or interfere with specific cell functions.
B)  can physically remove or tear tissues.
C)  are usually synthetic.
D)  cause debilitating,parasitic diseases.
E)  cause excessive water accumulation in tissues.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Based on what you know of risk assessment,which of the following factors would not explain the seemingly irrational behavior of a father who smokes (high risk factor for baby) throwing away his baby's teething rings that may contain phthalates (seemingly low risk factor for baby) .

Accepted Answer

A)  People tend to downplay risks that are associated with activities they are committed to or enjoy.
B)  Most people do not understand the concepts of probability.
C)  News media can give a biased view of hazards.
D)  People tend to have an irrational fear of certain technologies that are not as well understood.
E)  People recognize the risk of man-made objects but not those of natural (tobacco) objects.F) A) and D)
G) B) and E) E

Question 11

Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  use of chemical mixtures;lack of knowledge about synergistic effects
B)  lack of funding for federal mandates;lack of public support
C)  extrapolation of data to low doses;extrapolation of data from non-human species to humans
D)  lack of planning;the involvement of politicsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Infectious diseases that were previously not known or described for at least the prior 20 years

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological diseases.
B)  disease.
C)  infectious diseases.
D)  emergent diseases.
E)  native diseases.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)and Ebola fever are examples of emergent diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 14

Detection of toxic chemicals depends upon

Accepted Answer

A)  how many chemicals are present.
B)  how many individuals respond to them at a certain dosage.
C)  the sensitivity of measuring techniques and how many chemicals are present.
D)  whether or not individuals or groups of individuals are sensitive to them.
E)  whether or not groups of individuals are sensitive to them.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 15

Organisms are physiologically able to minimize some of the effects of toxins if

Accepted Answer

A)  a minimal amount is taken into the body.
B)  there is no exposure.
C)  chemists develop vaccines and antibodies.
D)  DNA technology is used to change the individual's susceptibility.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

The EPA usually assumes an acceptable risk for environmental hazards is about 1 in

Accepted Answer

A)  100.
B)  1000.
C)  10,000.
D)  100,000.
E)  1 million.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above E

Question 17

With respect to exposure to toxins which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute effects are much worse than chronic effects.
B)  Acute effects are not as bad as chronic effects.
C)  Acute effects are the immediate results of a single exposure,chronic effects are those that are long-lasting.
D)  Acute effects are permanent,chronic effects may be short or long term but go away over time.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

An allergen

Accepted Answer

A)  is a toxic substance.
B)  is a natural pathogen.
C)  over-stimulates the immune system.
D)  attacks the nervous system.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

When comparing the toxicity of natural and synthetic chemicals,natural chemicals are ________ synthetic chemicals.

Accepted Answer

A)  nearly always less toxic than
B)  nearly always more toxic than
C)  on average,just as toxic
D)  much safer
E)  more difficult to detectF) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 20

Which would not be characteristic of a disease such as the recent outbreak of cholera and Ebola?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are caused by pathogenic organisms.
B)  They are called communicable diseases.
C)  They are called emergent diseases.
D)  They are happening more often in the past 20 years.
E)  They are becoming resistant to antibiotics.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Exam 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology

Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are closely linked to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following presents the greatest lifetime risk of death to people in the US?

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In 1918 a flu pandemic killed more than 50 million people.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A chemical that causes abnormalities in a growing fetus is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An advantage of testing for toxicity by exposing animals to chemicals is that using animals is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hazardous substances ________ while toxins are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Historically,which of the following considerations in setting standards for toxic exposure has been emphasized the least?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The accumulation of a substance,such as a toxic chemical,in various tissues of a living organism is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Toxic substances are dangerous because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on what you know of risk assessment,which of the following factors would not explain the seemingly irrational behavior of a father who smokes (high risk factor for baby) throwing away his baby's teething rings that may contain phthalates (seemingly low risk factor for baby) .

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are ________ and ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infectious diseases that were previously not known or described for at least the prior 20 years

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)and Ebola fever are examples of emergent diseases.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

Detection of toxic chemicals depends upon

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organisms are physiologically able to minimize some of the effects of toxins if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The EPA usually assumes an acceptable risk for environmental hazards is about 1 in

Correct AnswerverifiedE

With respect to exposure to toxins which statement is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An allergen

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When comparing the toxicity of natural and synthetic chemicals,natural chemicals are ________ synthetic chemicals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which would not be characteristic of a disease such as the recent outbreak of cholera and Ebola?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Hazardous substances while toxins are .

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E

Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are and .

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True

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E

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