Question 1

A person taking antibiotics must take pills several times each day to maintain effective concentrations in the blood. This is because of

Accepted Answer

A)   secretion.
B)   osmoregulation.
C)   a decrease in angiotensin.
D)   a decrease in antidiuretic hormone.
E)   reabsorption.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 2

How would the kidneys respond to a decrease in blood pH caused by a high protein diet?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased HCO3- secretion and H+ reabsorption
B)   Increased production of renin and ADH
C)   Increased H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorption
D)   Increased secretion of both H+ and HCO3-
E)   Increased reabsorption of both H+ and HCO3-F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Which structure collects the water and small dissolved molecules forced out of the bloodstream during the process of filtration?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nephron loop
B)   Proximal tubule
C)   Glomerular capsule
D)   Distal tubule
E)   GlomerulusF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 4

A friend receives the results of a urine test and finds that dissolved nutrients, such as amino acids and glucose, are present in his urine. You deduce that part of his kidney is not functioning properly. Which part is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nephron loops
B)   Proximal tubules
C)   Renal medulla
D)   Collecting ducts
E)   Renal pelvisF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

People whose kidneys have failed can eat and drink whatever they like as long as they go to dialysis three times a week as scheduled.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What is the thin, muscular tube through which urine leaves each mammalian kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nephron
B)   Ureter
C)   Urethra
D)   Bladder
E)   Collecting ductF) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

What percentage of the water that enters a nephron is reabsorbed into the blood in the absence of ADH?

Accepted Answer

A)   50%
B)   80%
C)   25%
D)   99%E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Which of these hormones enables us to excrete concentrated urine?

Accepted Answer

A)   Renal diluting hormone
B)   Aldosterone
C)   Diuretic hormone
D)   ADH
E)   Homeostatic hormoneF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

Which type of animal would you dissect to locate a nephridium?

Accepted Answer

A)   Insect
B)   Reptile
C)   Flatworm
D)   Bird
E)   EarthwormF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

The primary nitrogenous waste product of aquatic organisms is__________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary nitrogenous waste product of aquatic...

Question 11

Which type of fish is more likely to live in an environment that has a lower osmolarity than that of its body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)   Saltwater fish
B)   Brackish water fish (salt- and freshwater combined) 
C)   Freshwater fishD) B) and C)
E) None of the above

Question 12

Which of these structures converts highly toxic ammonia into urea, a less toxic form of nitrogenous waste?

Accepted Answer

A)   Spleen
B)   Kidney
C)   Pancreas
D)   Muscles
E)   LiverF) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

The__________ is the region of the kidney involved in producing concentrated urine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The__________ is the region of the kidney...

Question 14

What is the force that drives glomerular filtration (movement of fluid from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Blood pressure
B)   Smooth muscle contraction
C)   pH gradients
D)   Osmosis
E)   Salt gradientsF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

Ammonia, uric acid, and urea are products of the breakdown of that accumulate__________ because of protein digestion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ammonia, uric acid, and urea are products...

Question 16

Glomerular filtrate contains many components that need to be reabsorbed (returned to the blood) . Which of the following is (are)  reabsorbed by osmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Water
B)   Urea
C)   Amino acids
D)   Red blood cells
E)   GlucoseF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Animals vary the composition of their urine depending on their environment and their need to conserve water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Your entire blood volume is filtered by your kidneys approximately 60 times per day.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What effect will increased blood levels of ADH have on blood volume?

Accepted Answer

A)   It will have no effect on blood volume because ADH affects only urine output.
B)   It will increase blood volume.
C)   Only the plasma (fluid)  part of the blood will decrease.
D)   It will decrease blood volume.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following correctly traces the path of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)   Renal pelvis → urethra → bladder → ureter
B)   Renal pelvis → bladder → ureter → urethra
C)   Renal pelvis → uterus → bladder → urethra
D)   Ureter → urethra → bladder → renal pelvis
E)   Renal pelvis → ureter → bladder → urethraF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Exam 36: The Urinary System

What effect will increased blood levels of ADH have on blood volume?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Animals vary the composition of their urine depending on their environment and their need to conserve water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People whose kidneys have failed can eat and drink whatever they like as long as they go to dialysis three times a week as scheduled.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A friend receives the results of a urine test and finds that dissolved nutrients, such as amino acids and glucose, are present in his urine. You deduce that part of his kidney is not functioning properly. Which part is most likely malfunctioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of fish is more likely to live in an environment that has a lower osmolarity than that of its body fluids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the force that drives glomerular filtration (movement of fluid from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person taking antibiotics must take pills several times each day to maintain effective concentrations in the blood. This is because of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which structure collects the water and small dissolved molecules forced out of the bloodstream during the process of filtration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the thin, muscular tube through which urine leaves each mammalian kidney?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these hormones enables us to excrete concentrated urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of animal would you dissect to locate a nephridium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How would the kidneys respond to a decrease in blood pH caused by a high protein diet?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glomerular filtrate contains many components that need to be reabsorbed (returned to the blood) . Which of the following is (are) reabsorbed by osmosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following correctly traces the path of urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your entire blood volume is filtered by your kidneys approximately 60 times per day.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary nitrogenous waste product of aquatic organisms is__________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ammonia, uric acid, and urea are products of the breakdown of that accumulate__________ because of protein digestion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these structures converts highly toxic ammonia into urea, a less toxic form of nitrogenous waste?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What percentage of the water that enters a nephron is reabsorbed into the blood in the absence of ADH?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The__________ is the region of the kidney involved in producing concentrated urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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