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A growing source of heavy oil is ____, which is a mixture of clay, sand, water, and a combustible organic material called bitumen.


A) shale oil
B) tar sands
C) offshore oil
D) crude oil
E) liquefied petroleum gas

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The element ____________________ is said to be a potentially safer alternative to uranium that could be used in newer nuclear power plant reactors.

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thorium

The prices on hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and all-electric cars are high because of the high cost of their ____.


A) batteries
B) technology
C) fuel cells
D) production
E) ultralight and ultra-strong composite materials

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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____________________ ____________________ produces less CO2per unit energy than coal, but its production releases the potent greenhouse gas CH4.

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Production and delivery of natural gas may emit more CO2and CH4per unit of energy produced than the burning of coal for commercial energy.

A) True
B) False

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Houses in Sweden that have ____________________ use approximately 90% less energy for heating and cooling compared to similarly sized typical American houses.

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Natural gas is most easily transported across oceans in the form of ____________________.

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The initial amount of low-quality energy contained within an energy resource is its net energy yield.

A) True
B) False

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____________________ are deposits of oil that can be extracted profitably and using current technology.

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There is a vast supply of _____ underneath an area of boreal forests in Canada.


A) liquefied petroleum gas
B) coal
C) natural gas
D) conventional oil
E) tar sands

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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The United States has a(n) ____.


A) electrical grid that consists only of the newest technology
B) electrical grid that could be made much more energy efficient
C) highly efficient smart grid for electricity
D) smart electrical grid that allows for rapid regulation and repair to respond to changes in energy usage
E) electrical grid consisting of components that have all been replaced within the last 40 years

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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What is a disadvantage of wind power?


A) Wind farms have a low net energy yield.
B) Wind farms need backup storage systems when the wind dies down.
C) Wind is not widely available.
D) Wind farms are expensive in terms of generating electricity.
E) Wind farms are difficult to build and expand.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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What is the benefit of including the harmful environmental and health costs associated with fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and other nonrenewable resources?


A) It would ensure that renewable energy is competitive with nonrenewable resources in terms of market price.
B) It would make more funding available for cleanup and health care.
C) It would provide more profit-based incentives for energy production.
D) It would ensure infinite resources by requiring conservation and higher efficiency.
E) It would eliminate the need for subsidies, tax incentives, and government regulations.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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What is a disadvantage of producing energy by burning solid biomass?


A) The availability of biomass is relatively low.
B) There are high costs associated with growing suitable plants at sufficiently high densities.
C) The net energy yield is low.
D) There is a high CO2emission problem even if it is done sustainably.
E) There can be a loss of biodiversity and increased risk of colonization by invasive species.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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The United States wastes very little of its commercial energy because of recent advances in energy efficiency.

A) True
B) False

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Outline three things that you can do to shift toward more sustainable energy use.

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Possible answers include any variation on three of the following actions: Walk, bike, or use mass transit or a car pool to get to work or school. Drive only vehicles that get at least 17 kpl (40 mpg. Have an energy audit done in the place where you live. Superinsulate the place where you live and plug all air leaks. Use passive solar heating and for cooling, open windows, and use fans. Use a programmable thermostat and energy-efficient heating and cooling systems, lights, and appliances. Turn down your water heater's thermostat to 43-49oC (110-120oF and insulate hot water pipes. Turn off lights, TVs, computers, and other electronics when they are not in use. Wash laundry in cold water and air dry it on racks

The leading renewable energy resource that is used to produce electricity in the world today is ____.


A) tidal power
B) hydropower
C) wind power
D) biomass
E) geothermal

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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A well-designed geothermal heat pump system could be the most energy-efficient, reliable, environmentally clean, and cost-effective way to heat or cool a space.

A) True
B) False

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True

Energy sold in the market place is referred to as ____________________.

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Discuss the potential harmful effects of the continued horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing of natural gas in the United States.

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The answer should contain the following ...

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