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Exam 4: Foundations of Decision Making

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Question 41

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Expert systems are primarily used to help what kinds of decision makers?

A) lower-level managers
B) top managers
C) senior managers
D) experts

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 42

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Which of the following is a primary characteristic of groupthink?

A) conflict among group members
B) failure to reach consensus within a group
C) complete conformity among group members
D) candidness and openness within a group

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Question 43

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The use of ringisei in Japanese organizations reflects which of the following values in Japanese culture?

Which of the following is NOT a type of programmed decision?

A banker opts for short-term gain despite indications that his decision might not pay off in the long run.Which error or bias is the banker guilty of?

Which of the following tends to impede a person's creativity?

A decision criterion defines factors that are relevant in a decision.

Intuitive decision making should not be a part of a manager's decision-making process.

Uncertainty involves a situation in which the probability of a certain outcome is known to be small.

An advantage of group decisions is that they increase the perception of the legitimacy of the solution.

In a short essay, discuss the assumptions of rationality and the validity of those assumptions.

In a short essay, list and discuss the final four steps in the decision-making process.Give an example of each step.

In a short essay, describe how nominal group technique can help avoid groupthink and enhance creativity in group decision making.

A retail clothing store manager who estimates how much to order for the current spring season based on last spring's outcomes is operating under what kind of decision-making condition?

A manager can faithfully execute the decision-making process but still end up with nothing of value if ________.

________ is a situation in which a decision maker has incomplete information about outcomes and does not have the ability to reasonably estimate outcomes that are not known.

Which of the following is an example of an unstructured problem?

A football coach makes the decision to punt or not to punt on fourth down based on whether he is past his own 50-yard line.Which decision-making method does the coach use?

A rational decision will never fail to provide the best and most successful solution to a problem.

The eight steps of decision making ________.