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Which of the following data sources could not be coded for use in content analysis?


A) letters to the editor
B) commentaries by talk show hosts
C) dissenting opinions in cases dealing with the death penalty
D) agency aggregate statistics

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following situations would not have an impact upon error in agency records?


A) computers have the capacity to magnify clerical error
B) a single crime could be recorded by two agencies, thus making that event over-represented
C) having very little data to input
D) even rare events can be recorded improperly

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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In an effort to insure that textbooks for introductory level criminology and criminal justice courses are gender and race neutral an analysis of the language was undertaken.Which of the following would be appropriate?


A) measuring the only the manifest content
B) measuring the latent content
C) measuring the number of words used
D) measuring the number of different subjects the author uses

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Some researchers have suggested that when published statistics and agency records are relied upon as sources of data a researcher should report rounded figures to avoid the illusion of exaggerated ____________that precise numbers imply.

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Archives and agency records may be based on ______________of analysis that are not suitable for particular research questions.

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In the text,an example was given concerning the difficulty in trying to measure how much crime happened to victims who were not residents of South Florida.Since police only routinely kept records on where victims stayed locally (such as hotel addresses) researchers could have an additional question added to the incident recording form asking for the victim's permanent address.All of the following would be benefits of that except:


A) it is much cheaper to add a question to a form than collecting the data oneself
B) it is much more expensive to add a question to a form because it requires all the forms to be reprinted
C) it allows for more control over the measurement process
D) it enhances the reliability of data collection

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Agency records and statistics published by agencies or governmental entities are most commonly used for which type of studies?


A) explanatory
B) descriptive
C) evaluations
D) understanding the criminal justice system

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In content analysis one may code the visible,surface content known as the__________ content.

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When using agency records as a data source the researcher must always keep changes in operational definitions and_______________in mind because of their potential impact upon validity and reliability.

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Which of the following is accurate concerning having agencies collect original research data?


A) cooperation to add research questions is not as likely to be successful if you are asking for a major additional effort on the part of the agency staff
B) the cooperation of the staff and their organizations are directly proportional to the intrusiveness of the data collection
C) if the research project is likely to save the agency money or improve staff performance the chances of enlisting assistance is greater
D) all of the above are accurate

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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NCVS data would be helpful in answering all of the research questions except


A) What is the average age of sexual assault victims in urban areas with populations over 100,000?
B) What is the mean income of families that are victims of burglary?
C) Why might an offender change from doing burglaries to committing home invasions?
D) What city in the country has the greatest number of victims of robbery?

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Identify three different types of agencies where records would be important in the criminal justice system.Discuss the types of published statistics each agency would produce.What are the specific reliability and validity problems with each?

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Three different types of agencies where ...

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It may be possible to use a(n)_____________ source of data in which criminal justice agency staff collect information for specific research purposes that they typically would not have collected.

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Coding in content analysis involves the logic of conceptualization and:


A) application
B) operationalization
C) validity
D) generalization

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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In Widom's research on child abuse discussed in your text,what was used as matching criteria for the public school records?


A) being born at the same hospital
B) having parents the same age
C) having the same number of siblings
D) being an outstanding student

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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A researcher is interested in using content analysis to determine how the United States Supreme Court has changed its interpretation of the 4th Amendment's "unreasonable" search and seizure prohibition over time.Which of the following are the units of analysis?


A) individual justices
B) court decisions in 4th Amendment cases
C) the dissenting opinions
D) the concurring opinions

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is not a problem with respect to units of analysis when using agency records?


A) the definitions of the variables collected
B) the manner in which the data is collected
C) the summary data
D) all of the above are potential problems

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following represent reliability or validity concerns when a researcher uses agency records?


A) the number of general clerical staff since too few is not good
B) changes in the operational definitions the agencies use to specify key terms
C) maintaining consistent procedures the agency uses to collect the data over time
D) agency records are generalizable to similar agencies

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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The visible,objective context of a communication is known as:


A) latent content
B) manifest content
C) concept
D) validity

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is not an example of the use of secondary analysis?


A) using UCR data to measure the trends over time in reported rapes
B) identifying the characteristics of your state's prisoners for the last ten years
C) developing a measurement for your city's juvenile intake facility
D) using NCVS to see if there have been changes in the incidents of personal theft over the last ten years

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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