Question 1

Would you expect DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase to have a higher fidelity (accuracy) rate? Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase has a lower fidelity rate than RNA polymerase.DNA replication can tolerate many errors.By comparison,aberrant RNA molecules can less easily be degraded and replaced with new,correct RNA molecules.
B)  DNA polymerase has a higher fidelity rate than RNA polymerase.DNA replication cannot tolerate many errors.By comparison,aberrant RNA molecules can easily be degraded and replaced with new,correct RNA molecules.
C)  DNA polymerase has the same fidelity rate compared to RNA polymerase.DNA replication cannot tolerate many errors but neither can RNA replication.D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 2

Transcription in prokaryotes is carried out by the enzyme _______,which unwinds and transcribes the gene.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase
B)  DNA helicase
C)  DNA gyrase
D)  RNA ligase
E)  RNA polymeraseF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 3

Transcription is the first stage in the Central Dogma.Transcription is initiated by

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase binding to the promoter.
B)  RNA polymerase binding to the promoter.
C)  mRNA polymerase binding to the promoter.
D)  tRNA polymerase binding to the promoter.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 4

How do retroviruses,such as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ,violate the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Retroviruses have a RNA genome rather than a DNA genome.These viruses convert their RNA genome into DNA for the purpose of replication.Following genome replication,the DNA is transcribed back into RNA and then translated into protein.The conversion of RNA  →\rarr→  DNA violates the information flow of the central dogma,which states DNA  →\rarr→  RNA  →\rarr→ protein.
B)  Retroviruses have a DNA genome rather than an RNA genome.These viruses convert their DNA genome into RNA for the purpose of replication.Following genome replication,the DNA is transcribed back into RNA and then translated into protein.The conversion of RNA  →\rarr→  DNA violates the information flow of the central dogma,which states DNA  →\rarr→  RNA  →\rarr→  protein.
C)  Retroviruses have a RNA genome rather than a DNA genome.These viruses convert their RNA genome into DNA for the purpose of replication.Following genome replication,the RNA is transcribed back into DNA and then translated into protein.The conversion of RNA  →\rarr→  DNA violates the information flow of the central dogma,which states DNA  →\rarr→  RNA  →\rarr→  protein. D) B) and C)
E) None of the above

Question 5

Humans and a bacterium make human insulin.How is this possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  The human insulin gene appears naturally in the bacteriA.
B)  The human insulin gene is a mutated form of a bacterial gene for bacterial insulin.
C)  The human insulin gene was inserted into a bacterium's genome,and since the genetic code is nearly universal,the bacterium is able to produce human insulin.
D)  The human insulin gene appears in bacteria that have been exposed to radiation treatments for diabetes.
E)  The human insulin gene appears naturally in the bacteria that is an inhabitant of the GI tract of diabetic patients.F) B) and D)
G) D) and E) C

Question 6

Which of the following best identifies the various types of RNA that play a role in protein synthesis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA,rRNA,tRNA,snRNA,SRP RNA,and miRNA
B)  mRNA,rRNA,tRNA,SRP RNA,and miRNA
C)  mRNA,rRNA,tRNA,and snRNA
D)  mRNA,rRNA,tRNA,snRNA,and SRP RNA
E)  mRNA,rRNA,and tRNAF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 7

Gene ________ refers to the combined processes of transcription and translation.

Accepted Answer

A)  expression
B)  replication
C)  modification
D)  regulationE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Both DNA and RNA are made up of building blocks known as

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotides.
B)  complementary base pairs.
C)  amino acids.
D)  genes.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Transcription begins at a RNA polymerase-binding site called a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosome
B)  replicator
C)  inducer
D)  promoterE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

What would happen if snRNAs could not recognize the branch point?

Accepted Answer

A)  A lariat structure could not form.
B)  snRNAs could not base-pair with the 5' end of the intron.
C)  The 3' poly A tail could not be added to the transcript.
D)  The 5' cap could not be added to the transcript.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The analyzed regulatory region

Accepted Answer

A)  is from a prokaryotic gene.
B)  is from a eukaryotic gene.
C)  can be from either a prokaryotic or eukaryote gene.
D)  cannot be determined from the information provideD.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Eukaryotic mRNA molecules are occasionally interspersed with non-coding sequences that must be removed before protein synthesis.These are called

Accepted Answer

A)  anticodons.
B)  introns.
C)  exons.
D)  nucleosomes.
E)  chromomeres.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

RNA splicing in eukaryotic cell protein synthesis means

Accepted Answer

A)  that the product of translation,called the primary transcript is cut and put back together to produce the mature mRNA transcript.
B)  that the product of transcription,called the secondary transcript is cut and put back together to produce the mature tRNA transcript.
C)  that the product of translation,called the primary transcript is cut and put back together to produce the mature tRNA transcript.
D)  that the product of transcription,called the primary transcript is cut and put back together to produce the mature mRNA transcript.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Within the transcription bubble,the first 9 bases of a newly synthesized RNA strand temporarily form a helix with the template DNA strand.How might transcription be affected if helix formation could not occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clearance of the promoter will be inhibited.
B)  The RNA polymerase will be unable to unwind the DNA duplex.
C)  The position of the 5' end of the RNA will be unstable,inhibiting elongation.
D)  The position of the 3' end of the RNA will be unstable,inhibiting elongation.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above D

Question 15

An enzyme that synthesizes all three forms of RNA;present in the nucleus of eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA
B)  RNA polymerase
C)  mRNA
D)  rRNAE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Translocation is a process that involves

Accepted Answer

A)  moving of mRNA molecules.
B)  moving of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
C)  the actual moving of the amino acids to the ribosomes by the tRNA molecules.
D)  the ribosome moving one more nucleotide along the mRNA molecule.
E)  the ribosome moving three more nucleotides along the mRNA moleculE.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

Prokaryotes have one type of RNA polymerase.Eukaryotes have ____ types of RNA polymerase.

Accepted Answer

A)  2
B)  3
C)  4
D)  16
E)  64F) C) and D)
G) A) and B) B

Question 18

The polypeptide-making organelles residing in the cytoplasm are large protein aggregates to which RNA is associated.They are called

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes.
B)  Golgi bodies.
C)  lysosomes.
D)  the endoplasmic reticulum.
E)  mitochondria.F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 19

Protein synthesis takes place on

Accepted Answer

A)  the plasma membrane.
B)  the nucleus.
C)  ribosomes.
D)  lysosomes.
E)  microbodies.F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 20

The coded order of nucleotides in a DNA specifies the order of specific amino acids to be assembled into a polypeptide chain.This code is therefore called the ________ code.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondrial
B)  ribosomal
C)  DNA
D)  geneticE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 15: Genes and How They Work

Would you expect DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase to have a higher fidelity (accuracy) rate? Why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transcription in prokaryotes is carried out by the enzyme _______,which unwinds and transcribes the gene.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transcription is the first stage in the Central Dogma.Transcription is initiated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do retroviruses,such as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ,violate the central dogma of molecular biology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humans and a bacterium make human insulin.How is this possible?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which of the following best identifies the various types of RNA that play a role in protein synthesis in eukaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gene ________ refers to the combined processes of transcription and translation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both DNA and RNA are made up of building blocks known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transcription begins at a RNA polymerase-binding site called a _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would happen if snRNAs could not recognize the branch point?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The analyzed regulatory region

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eukaryotic mRNA molecules are occasionally interspersed with non-coding sequences that must be removed before protein synthesis.These are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

RNA splicing in eukaryotic cell protein synthesis means

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Within the transcription bubble,the first 9 bases of a newly synthesized RNA strand temporarily form a helix with the template DNA strand.How might transcription be affected if helix formation could not occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

An enzyme that synthesizes all three forms of RNA;present in the nucleus of eukaryotes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Translocation is a process that involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prokaryotes have one type of RNA polymerase.Eukaryotes have ____ types of RNA polymerase.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The polypeptide-making organelles residing in the cytoplasm are large protein aggregates to which RNA is associated.They are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Protein synthesis takes place on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The coded order of nucleotides in a DNA specifies the order of specific amino acids to be assembled into a polypeptide chain.This code is therefore called the ________ code.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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D

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B

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