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In terms of pricing decisions,full responsibility for pricing decisions should be delegated to the managers of various national subsidiaries,thereby reaping the benefits of decentralization.

A) True
B) False

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The goal of market segmentation is to optimize the fit between the purchasing behavior of consumers in a given segment and the _____,thereby maximizing sales to that segment.


A) marketing mix
B) promotion mix
C) product mix
D) distribution mix

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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_____ communication occurs whenever a firm uses a marketing message to sell its products in another country.


A) Diversified
B) International
C) Multidomestic
D) Functional

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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The longer a channel


A) the higher the selling costs when the retail sector is very fragmented.
B) the lesser the selling costs when the retail sector is very concentrated.
C) the higher the price that consumers are charged for the final product.
D) the smaller is the aggregate markup.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Japan,with a much greater population density and a large number of urban centers that grew up before the automobile,has a more _____ retail system,with many small stores serving local neighborhoods and to which people frequently walk.


A) fragmented
B) concentrated
C) focused
D) consolidated

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is the most notable trend in the global retail industry in the last decade?


A) Segmentation
B) Fragmentation
C) Shrinkage
D) Consolidation

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is true of price discrimination?


A) It exists whenever consumers in different countries are charged different prices for different products.
B) It involves charging whatever the market will bear.
C) It can help a company minimize its costs.
D) It is against economic sense to charge different prices in different countries.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Describe a concentrated retail system and a fragmented retail system.

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In some countries,the retail system is v...

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Learning effects and _____ underlie the experience curve.


A) labor efficiency
B) standardization
C) product redesign
D) economies of scale

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A benefit of using a longer channel is _____,the ability to enter an exclusive channel.


A) market access
B) consumer access
C) governmental access
D) product development access

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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In regard to communication strategy,what is the difference between a push and a pull strategy? Provide an example of an appropriate application of a push strategy and an example of an appropriate application of a pull strategy.

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The main decision with regard to communi...

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To avoid failures and to ensure maximum functionality,each core function of new-product development needs to work separately.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is true about channel quality?


A) The quality of retailers is good invariably in all developing nations.
B) The quality of retailers is variable at best in emerging markets.
C) It refers to the types of intermediaries between the manufacturer and the consumer.
D) It is difficult for outsiders to achieve.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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The main decision with regard to communications strategy is the choice between a(n) :


A) external strategy and an internal strategy.
B) aggressive strategy and a submissive strategy.
C) noise strategy and a quiet strategy.
D) push strategy and a pull strategy.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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According to a study,Japanese consumers tended to rate Japanese products more favorably than U.S.products across multiple dimensions,even when independent analysis showed that they were actually inferior.This suggests that the consumer may use _____ as a cue when evaluating a product.


A) noise
B) country of origin
C) central tendency
D) push/pull strategy

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Many firms pursuing a(n) _____ strategy on an international scale will price low worldwide to build global sales volume as rapidly as possible,even if this means taking large losses initially.


A) discrimination pricing
B) experience curve pricing
C) value-cost
D) product development

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The multinational corporation


A) considers the entire world a single entity.
B) operates at low relative costs.
C) operates in a number of countries at high relative costs.
D) sells the same thing in the same way everywhere.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Developed countries tend to have less retail concentration than developing countries.

A) True
B) False

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Basic research centers have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT that:


A) fundamental research is conducted at these centers.
B) they are typically located in remote locations.
C) they are the innovation engines of the firm.
D) they develop the basic technologies that become new products.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Members of a cross-functional team should have:


A) low standing within their function.
B) an ability to put functional and national advocacy first.
C) an ability to contribute functional expertise.
D) a willingness to give management responsibility for team results.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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