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If every instance of a target behavior is reinforced, a _________ schedule is in effect.


A) Positive
B) Negative
C) Continuous
D) Intermittent
E) Variable

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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The idea that a manager should do what the situation requires is captured by the term:


A) Integrative framework
B) Interactional perspective
C) Contingency approach
D) Performance management
E) Performance appraisal

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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A process that involves an individual comparing perceptions of his or her of performance with those of managers, subordinates, and peers is called:


A) Performance monitoring
B) Performance appraisal
C) Goal monitoring
D) 360-degree feedback
E) Self-assessment

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Papa Bill's, a local pizza chain, instituted a new compensation policy to increase the on-time delivery of its pizzas. Drivers were paid an extra $1.00 for each on-time delivery, payable on the next pay period. However, a review of the policy showed that traffic tickets for reckless driving among delivery drivers had increased by 50 percent since the new policy was introduced. Which of the following best explains why this reward system did not perform as expected?


A) The organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior
B) Employees viewed the $1.00 incentive as an entitlement
C) The delay was too long between the performance and the reward
D) The organization placed too much emphasis on monetary rewards
E) The reward lacked an "appreciation effect"

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is not included in the monitoring step of performance management?


A) Measuring performance
B) Verifying progress
C) Deciding how to measure performance
D) Verifying achievement of goals
E) Tracking performance

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Barry set himself a goal of bowling at least one game above 250 (out of 300 possible) before the end of the season. This is a ________ goal.


A) Learning
B) Procedural
C) Performance
D) Equity
E) Project

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Correct Answer

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CRF schedules are particularly useful when an employee is:


A) Missing quotas
B) Learning a new skill
C) Frequently absent from work
D) Performing far above expectations for his or her job
E) Feeling entitled to receiving a reward

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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The best goal to set is, "Do your best."

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Josh used to run into heavy traffic every day while driving to work. One morning, he left his home earlier than usual and did not run into heavy traffic. Again the next morning, he left earlier and avoided heavy traffic. His behavior of leaving earlier enabled him to avoid heavy traffic and reach the office on time. Which of the following processes did Josh engage in?


A) Positive reinforcement
B) Extinction
C) Punishment
D) Negative reinforcement
E) Intermittent reinforcement

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Correct Answer

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The acronym "SMART" stands for specific, measurable, attainable, reachable, and time bound.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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The functions of performance management processes include guiding employee development and making employee-related decisions.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Dr. Davis, an accounting professor, was concerned that his classes were not engaging his students as much as he would like. He asked his boss, the department chair, and two of his colleagues to sit in on one of his classes this term, to give him comments and suggestions for improvement. He also passed out forms to his students at the end of the term, asking the same. He was __________.


A) Providing positive reinforcement for himself
B) Conducting a 360 degree feedback process
C) Developing an action plan
D) Creating a contrast effect
E) Conducting research

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is not a type of appropriate measure of goal achievement?


A) Timeliness
B) Lack of interpersonal conflict
C) Quantity
D) Quality
E) Financial measures

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Dr. Slotsky is a well-liked professor. Last term, no one received less than a B in any of his courses. Dr. Slotsky may be suffering from _________ perceptual error.


A) Halo
B) Leniency
C) Central tendency
D) Recency
E) Contrast effects

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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The second step of goal setting is to promote commitment to the goal.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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The most effective schedules of reinforcement are:


A) Continuous
B) Fixed interval and fixed ratio
C) Variable ratio and variable interval
D) Fixed interval and variable interval
E) Fixed ratio and variable ratio

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Collecting performance from multiple sources helps a person being evaluated to get a broad view of his or her performance.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Research has shown that effective performance management generates better organizational outcomes in areas such as turnover, customer satisfaction, employee commitment, and profits.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Which forms of consequence strengthen a desired behavior?


A) Positive reinforcement and extinction
B) Positive reinforcement and punishment
C) Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement
D) Extinction and punishment
E) Extinction and negative reinforcement

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Correct Answer

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Performance management is the same thing as performance appraisal.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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