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Although uses of gene therapy are greatly anticipated,a medical,technological limit to the application is that


A) researchers have difficulty finding useful genes, from other species, to use.
B) only diseased cells can be targeted.
C) although suitable genes can be identified, there is no way to know the nucleotide sequences.
D) There are no technological limits, but rather ethical ones.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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The use of embryonic stem cells is ethically debated in the United States.Embryonic cultures are highly documented and the research activities are strongly regulated.Individual states disagree on whether,or how much embryonic stem cell research can be done.Some people,politicians,and researchers are optimistic that what lessons can be learned from embryonic stem cells can eventually lead to less controversial use of adult stem cells,because


A) with more research, scientists will be able to "turn on" genes in pluripotent adult stem cells.
B) heavier regulations will force the issue by completely stopping the use of embryonic stem cells.
C) researchers will run out of available human embryos that are currently available for research.
D) it will be simpler to extract more adult stem cells as more people learn about the option to donate.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The method used to produce the cloned sheep,Dolly,was


A) embryonic stem cell transplantation.
B) polymerase chain reaction.
C) short tandem repeats.
D) somatic cell nuclear transfer.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis uses DNA testing to examine the genes in sperm,egg,or embryo cells.

A) True
B) False

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The value of applying DNA profiling to Tandem Repeat Sequences is that


A) the tandem repeat sequences are those that can be made into recombinant DNA.
B) they signal to researchers where there are genes that can be more easily cloned, or grown in stem cells.
C) None of the answer choices are correct.
D) a more efficient analytical focus is made on small portions of highly variable DNA sequences.
E) they serve as DNA probes, which indicate where disease-causing alleles are found.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The genetic units of interest in DNA sequencing,DNA probes and other research,related to proteins and traits of organisms,are the


A) wide number of similar genes among other organisms.
B) nucleotide (nitrogen base) sequences.
C) None of these answer options are correct.
D) one or more gene locations, for genetic traits.
E) number of chromosomes in the organism.

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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The small unit of self-replicating DNA used as a cloning vector in genetic engineering is a bacterial plasmid.

A) True
B) False

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Once the cloning vector was formed,injecting it into the rose cells could be done by


A) All of these options are possible, but depend on the vector and the receiving cell's properties.
B) enclosing it in a membrane-bound liposome that fuses with the cell membrane.
C) placing it in an empty virus protein coat that might be engulfed by the cell.
D) electrifying the cell membrane to open a temporary hole among the phospholipids.
E) attaching it to a small bead, and shooting it into the cell with a gene gun.

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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