Question 1

Sleepsex is a parasomnia that involves abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences during NREM stage 3 and 4 slow-wave sleep, including masturbation, sleepsex talking, groping or fondling a bed partner's genitals, or sexual intercourse.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Brain-imaging studies of hypnotized people show that the hallucinations experienced under hypnosis are reflected in actual brain activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The peyote cactus is the source of:

Accepted Answer

A)   cocaine.
B)   psilocybin.
C)   LSD.
D)   mescaline.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Under hypnosis, highly susceptible people act as if they are experiencing hallucinations, temporary paralysis, or blindness, but several research studies have conclusively shown that these so-called hypnotized people are actually faking their responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The rhythmic electrical patterns of the brain are called:

Accepted Answer

A)   sleep spindles.
B)   brain waves.
C)   circadian rhythms.
D)   myoclonic rhythms.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

In a study examining brain differences between practitioners of meditation and those who never meditated, MRI scans showed that several cortical areas were thicker in the meditators' brains than in the nonmeditators' brains.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following statements best summarizes how hypnosis affects memory?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hypnosis is much more effective at enhancing a person's confidence in memories than it is at improving the accuracy of the memories.
B)   If a memory is forgotten or repressed, hypnosis is one of the most effective ways to produce the recall of vivid and highly accurate details.
C)   Under hypnosis, a person actually "relives" an earlier experience, such as an event from childhood, which virtually guarantees that the information recalled is accurate.
D)   Hypnosis is significantly more effective than other memory retrieval techniques in producing the accurate recall of information and events.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

It is not true that the original formula of Coca-Cola contained cocaine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

NREM slow-wave sleep contributes to:

Accepted Answer

A)   forming new episodic memories.
B)   forming new procedural memories.
C)   suppressing old episodic memories.
D)   suppressing old procedural memories.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

It is believed that nightmares:

Accepted Answer

A)   are the most common type of dyssomnia.
B)   are not indicative of psychological or sleep disorders unless they occur frequently, cause difficulties returning to sleep, or cause daytime distress.
C)   that occur during NREM slow-wave sleep are closely associated with the development of psychological disorders and sleep disorders.
D)   are the most common type of parasomnia.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Elaine is sitting in Sigmund Freud's office and tells him that she remembers a dream in which a car was parked in front of her house and a man with a baseball bat kept getting in and out of the car. After some discussion, Freud suggests to Elaine that the baseball bat probably symbolized the man's penis and the action of repeatedly entering the car probably symbolized sexual intercourse. The symbolic meaning of the dream that Freud suggested is called the _____ content.

Accepted Answer

A)   lucid
B)   manifest
C)   latent
D)   synthesizedE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

In a study examining brain differences between practitioners of meditation and those who never meditated, MRI scans showed that:

Accepted Answer

A)   several cortical areas were thicker in the meditators' brains than in the nonmeditators' brains.
B)   several cortical areas were thinner in the meditators' brains than in the nonmeditators' brains.
C)   the meditators had less gray matter than the nonmeditators in regions associated with attention, emotion, and sensory processing.
D)   meditators and nonmeditators have identical brains.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

According to the information discussed in the In Focus box titled "What You Really Want to Know About Dreams," 10 percent of our dreams contain color.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

NREM sleep is also referred to as "quiet sleep."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Mescaline and psilocybin are similar in that both:

Accepted Answer

A)   are amphetamines.
B)   have been used in religious ceremonies for centuries.
C)   are almost identical to the chemical tetrahydrocannabinol (TH
C)  .
D)   trigger hypnagogic hallucinations.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 16

At one time, people could legally purchase opium, heroin, and cocaine in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Meditation techniques that involve focusing your awareness on an image, a word, a phrase, or your breathing are referred to as _____ techniques.

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus control therapy
B)   dissociation
C)   open monitoring
D)   focused attentionE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

During REM sleep, young Franny experienced a very vivid and disturbing dream involving fear, anxiety, and aggression that caused her to wake up in a very frightened state. Franny had a:

Accepted Answer

A)   lucid dream.
B)   sleep attack.
C)   nightmare.
D)   night terror.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Obstructive sleep apnea:

Accepted Answer

A)   is twice as common in women as it is in men; among middle-aged adults 1 out of 25 women and 1 out of 50 men have obstructive sleep apnea.
B)   is caused by very low or nonexistent levels of neurotransmitters called hypocretins.
C)   is more common in men than in women.
D)   is the most common symptom of narcolepsy.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

LSD and psilocybin:

Accepted Answer

A)   mimic the neurotransmitter serotonin.
B)   can be derived from the peyote cactus.
C)   rapidly produce drug tolerance and addiction.
D)   mimic the neurotransmitter anandamide.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Exam 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

At one time, people could legally purchase opium, heroin, and cocaine in the United States.

Correct Answer
verified

Mescaline and psilocybin are similar in that both:

Correct Answer
verified

Brain-imaging studies of hypnotized people show that the hallucinations experienced under hypnosis are reflected in actual brain activity.

Correct Answer
verified

LSD and psilocybin:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In a study examining brain differences between practitioners of meditation and those who never meditated, MRI scans showed that:

Correct Answer
verified

Obstructive sleep apnea:

Correct Answer
verified

NREM sleep is also referred to as "quiet sleep."

Correct Answer
verified

During REM sleep, young Franny experienced a very vivid and disturbing dream involving fear, anxiety, and aggression that caused her to wake up in a very frightened state. Franny had a:

Correct Answer
verified

According to the information discussed in the In Focus box titled "What You Really Want to Know About Dreams," 10 percent of our dreams contain color.

Correct Answer
verified

It is not true that the original formula of Coca-Cola contained cocaine.

Correct Answer
verified

NREM slow-wave sleep contributes to:

Correct Answer
verified

Meditation techniques that involve focusing your awareness on an image, a word, a phrase, or your breathing are referred to as _____ techniques.

Correct Answer
verified

It is believed that nightmares:

Correct Answer
verified

Under hypnosis, highly susceptible people act as if they are experiencing hallucinations, temporary paralysis, or blindness, but several research studies have conclusively shown that these so-called hypnotized people are actually faking their responses.

Correct Answer
verified

In a study examining brain differences between practitioners of meditation and those who never meditated, MRI scans showed that several cortical areas were thicker in the meditators' brains than in the nonmeditators' brains.

Correct Answer
verified

The rhythmic electrical patterns of the brain are called:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements best summarizes how hypnosis affects memory?

Correct Answer
verified

The peyote cactus is the source of:

Correct Answer
verified

Sleepsex is a parasomnia that involves abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences during NREM stage 3 and 4 slow-wave sleep, including masturbation, sleepsex talking, groping or fondling a bed partner's genitals, or sexual intercourse.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

At one time, people could legally purchase opium, heroin, and cocaine in the United States.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mescaline and psilocybin are similar in that both:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brain-imaging studies of hypnotized people show that the hallucinations experienced under hypnosis are reflected in actual brain activity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

LSD and psilocybin:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a study examining brain differences between practitioners of meditation and those who never meditated, MRI scans showed that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

NREM sleep is also referred to as "quiet sleep."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During REM sleep, young Franny experienced a very vivid and disturbing dream involving fear, anxiety, and aggression that caused her to wake up in a very frightened state. Franny had a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the information discussed in the In Focus box titled "What You Really Want to Know About Dreams," 10 percent of our dreams contain color.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is not true that the original formula of Coca-Cola contained cocaine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

NREM slow-wave sleep contributes to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Meditation techniques that involve focusing your awareness on an image, a word, a phrase, or your breathing are referred to as _____ techniques.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is believed that nightmares:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under hypnosis, highly susceptible people act as if they are experiencing hallucinations, temporary paralysis, or blindness, but several research studies have conclusively shown that these so-called hypnotized people are actually faking their responses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a study examining brain differences between practitioners of meditation and those who never meditated, MRI scans showed that several cortical areas were thicker in the meditators' brains than in the nonmeditators' brains.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The rhythmic electrical patterns of the brain are called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements best summarizes how hypnosis affects memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The peyote cactus is the source of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sleepsex is a parasomnia that involves abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences during NREM stage 3 and 4 slow-wave sleep, including masturbation, sleepsex talking, groping or fondling a bed partner's genitals, or sexual intercourse.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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