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"Skateboard Growth." Both Bernie and John were presidents of small corporations involved with manufacturing and selling skateboards. Bernie's store was called "ABC Skateboard" and John's business was called "Skateboard for Health." Because a large sports store was coming into town, they, along with the boards of directors of the two companies and all shareholders, decided that it would be a good idea to combine the businesses. They decided to retain the name "Skateboard for Health." Bernie was concerned, however, with the change because, on behalf of his company, he was contemplating filing a lawsuit against Hank who had purchased 10 custom skateboards and had not paid for them. He was excited, however, about the prospect of not being liable for a lawsuit he expects to be filed by Greg who fell when a wheel came off on a skateboard sold by Bernie's corporation resulting in a serious ankle sprain and medical bills. After investigation, Bernie is aware that the wheel was negligently attached to the skateboard. Bernie told John that one reason he wanted to retain John's name was to prevent Greg from being able to recover against him. -Which of the following is true in most states regarding Bernie's concern that Hank could not be sued for the price of the skateboards?


A) Hank cannot be sued if Hank purchased the skateboards within 30 days of the joining of the businesses.
B) Hank can be sued only if Hank purchased the skateboards within 30 days of the joining of the businesses.
C) Hank cannot be sued unless Hank approves in writing the joining of the businesses.
D) Hank can be sued only if Hank is notified by certified letter of the joining of the businesses.
E) The right to sue Hank would not be lost by the joining of the corporations.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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What is generally the next step for an aggressor after acquiring a substantial number of the target corporation's shares and why?

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After acquiring a substantial number of ...

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Which of the following types of mergers does not require shareholder approval?


A) Short-form mergers
B) Short-term mergers
C) Access mergers
D) Required mergers
E) Specific mergers

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following is false regarding merger control in France?


A) If it is determined that a proposed merger exceeds a reasonable concentration of power, the minister for the economy can enjoin the companies from completing the merger.
B) If it is determined that a proposed merger exceeds a reasonable concentration of power, the minister for the economy can alter the merger's value.
C) If it is determined that a proposed merger exceeds a reasonable concentration of power, the minister for the economy can make provisions to ensure higher degrees of competition in the market.
D) The goal of merger control statutes in France is to discourage mergers.
E) The French government, specifically the minister for the economy, uses the Commission for Competition as a resource when determining whether a proposed merger will benefit the French economy or whether the resulting concentration of power will decrease competition.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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"Skateboard Growth." Both Bernie and John were presidents of small corporations involved with manufacturing and selling skateboards. Bernie's store was called "ABC Skateboard" and John's business was called "Skateboard for Health." Because a large sports store was coming into town, they, along with the boards of directors of the two companies and all shareholders, decided that it would be a good idea to combine the businesses. They decided to retain the name "Skateboard for Health." Bernie was concerned, however, with the change because, on behalf of his company, he was contemplating filing a lawsuit against Hank who had purchased 10 custom skateboards and had not paid for them. He was excited, however, about the prospect of not being liable for a lawsuit he expects to be filed by Greg who fell when a wheel came off on a skateboard sold by Bernie's corporation resulting in a serious ankle sprain and medical bills. After investigation, Bernie is aware that the wheel was negligently attached to the skateboard. Bernie told John that one reason he wanted to retain John's name was to prevent Greg from being able to recover against him. -Which of the following is the appropriate term for the action contemplated by Bernie and John to combine the businesses under the name "Skateboard for Health"?


A) Merger
B) Consolidation
C) Asset purchase
D) Restructuring
E) Reforming

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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A

"Death." Barbara is president and a large shareholder in Reuse It, a corporation that sells used cellular telephones. Although the company was not insolvent, sales had been significantly down, and Barbara decided that it would be a good idea to discontinue the business. The board of directors agreed with her. The board members presented the proposal to discontinue the corporation to shareholders. Initially, Willy, a disgruntled shareholder, opposed ending the corporation. He claimed that the problem was that Barbara had done a poor job in management. Barbara planned to go forward with the termination of the company because a majority of the shareholders agreed. Willy, however, came around; and upon a second vote to discontinue the corporation, the vote was unanimous. Quill, a vice president of the corporation, was aware of a few outstanding debts owed by Reuse It. He suggested hurrying along quietly with ending the corporation because any claims not made before the corporation was dissolved could be avoided. Barbara told him that she was not sure that was a good idea. Therefore, the company proceeded with all appropriate notifications. When the time came to liquidate the corporation, the members of the board did not want to participate. Barbara was concerned about what action to take at that point because she really wanted to be finished with Reuse It. -Which of the following is true regarding Quill's suggestion that dissolution be implemented quickly in order to avoid claims by creditors?


A) His suggestion was a good one because in that way, the claims could likely be avoided.
B) His suggestion would not avoid claims because the law requires that creditors be allowed at least 120 days after dissolution in order to make a claim.
C) Whether or not his suggestion will help depends on the corporation's articles of incorporation which set forth the time period during which creditors may file claims following dissolution.
D) Whether or not his suggestion will help depends on the corporation's bylaws which set forth the time period during which creditors may file claims following dissolution.
E) His suggestion was a good one only for debts outstanding for over 1 year; otherwise, the creditors have at least six months following dissolution in which to make claims.

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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In which of the following are two or more corporations combined with neither of the original corporations continuing to exist legally?


A) A merger
B) A consolidation
C) A combination
D) An alteration
E) A reorganization

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following is generally false regarding the surviving entity in a merger situation?


A) The surviving entity remains a single corporation.
B) The shareholders of the surviving entity must amend its articles of incorporation according to the specific conditions of the merger.
C) The surviving entity does not become liable for debts of the absorbed corporation.
D) The surviving entity obtains the absorbed corporation's assets.
E) The surviving entity obtains the absorbed corporation's rights, powers, and privileges.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Federal regulations prohibit the management of target companies from using corporate funds to educate shareholders on the disadvantages of a takeover.

A) True
B) False

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The surviving corporation's right to sue for debt and damages on behalf of the absorbed corporation is called which of the following?


A) A right of recovery
B) A right of litigation
C) A course of recovery
D) A chose in action
E) An accord and satisfaction

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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D

Which of the following was the result on appeal in Royal Crown Companies Inc., v. McMahon, the case in the text in which the former president of a subsidiary of Royal Crown sued claiming that an agreement regarding severance pay was breached?


A) The court ruled that a golden parachute contract is void as against public policy and, therefore, unenforceable.
B) The court ruled that a severance agreement, regardless of whether it is considered a golden parachute contract, is contrary to the employment at will principle and, therefore, unenforceable.
C) The court ruled that while severance agreements approved by a majority of shareholders are valid, the severance agreement in the case was not so approved and was, therefore, invalid.
D) The court ruled that the agreement would be enforced but only because it was not considered a golden parachute contract.
E) The court ruled that the severance agreement was valid and enforceable and that it made no difference that it was considered a golden parachute agreement.

F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

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"Green Trees." Wally, the president of Green Corporation, a company that provides landscaping services, wanted his corporation to purchase Tree Corporation, another corporation providing landscaping services. The board of Tree Corporation, however, did not wish to sell. The board of Green Corporation decided to buy any or all of Tree Corporation's stock in order to gain control of Tree Corporation. The management of Tree Corporation and its board strongly objected to the attempt by Green Corporation to take over the company. Green Corporation offered to purchase stock held by shareholders of Tree Corporation at a price substantially above the current market value of the stock. When that strategy was not wholly successful, Green Corporation offered to give shareholders of Tree Corporation stock in Green Corporation in return for their stock in Tree Corporation. -Which of the following terms describes Tree Corporation in the attempt of Green Corporation to gain control?


A) Target corporation
B) Vulnerable corporation
C) Accessible corporation
D) Hostile corporation
E) Weak corporation

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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"Skateboard Growth." Both Bernie and John were presidents of small corporations involved with manufacturing and selling skateboards. Bernie's store was called "ABC Skateboard" and John's business was called "Skateboard for Health." Because a large sports store was coming into town, they, along with the boards of directors of the two companies and all shareholders, decided that it would be a good idea to combine the businesses. They decided to retain the name "Skateboard for Health." Bernie was concerned, however, with the change because, on behalf of his company, he was contemplating filing a lawsuit against Hank who had purchased 10 custom skateboards and had not paid for them. He was excited, however, about the prospect of not being liable for a lawsuit he expects to be filed by Greg who fell when a wheel came off on a skateboard sold by Bernie's corporation resulting in a serious ankle sprain and medical bills. After investigation, Bernie is aware that the wheel was negligently attached to the skateboard. Bernie told John that one reason he wanted to retain John's name was to prevent Greg from being able to recover against him. -Which of the following results in a chose in action?


A) The surviving corporation's right to sue Hank for amounts owed.
B) The right of Greg to sue the surviving corporation for damages.
C) The right of Bernie to a golden parachute if he is terminated after the joining.
D) The right of John to fire Bernie after the merger.
E) The right of shareholders to dissent from the joining of the corporations for 30 days following.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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In a hostile takeover situation, what does the term "going private" reference?


A) A leveraged buyout
B) A management buyout
C) An approved buyout
D) A corporate buyout
E) A closely managed buyout

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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A

Which of the following was the result in Hartleib v. Sirius Satellite Radio et al., the case in the text in which shareholders of Sirius sued Sirius XM after a merger claiming that Sirius executives decreased stock prices by entering into agreements with XM to the effect that both companies would refrain from looking at other merger deals?


A) That the plaintiffs' generalized statements failing to identify specific wrongful acts and coming after changes in board membership were insufficient.
B) That the plaintiffs' statements, while generalized, were sufficient but that the plaintiff failed to file the complaint in a timely manner.
C) That the plaintiffs' statements were sufficiently specific, that the complaint was filed in a timely manner, and that a trial would be conducted later.
D) That the plaintiffs' statements were sufficiently specific, that the complaint was filed in a timely manner, and that the plaintiff was entitled to damages as a matter of law.
E) That the plaintiffs had no authority to proceed after the merger.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following is generally false when a consolidation occurs?


A) The new corporation has independent legal status.
B) The original corporations continue to exist legally.
C) The consolidated entity assumes the debts of the original corporations.
D) The consolidated entity obtains the original corporations' assets.
E) The consolidated entity takes on the rights of the original companies.

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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In which of the following does an aggressor pay cash to target shareholders?


A) Hostile tender offer
B) Cash tender offer
C) Immediate tender offer
D) Substantial tender offer
E) Asset tender offer

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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When an asset purchase occurs, the acquiring corporation assumes ownership and control over tangible, but not intangible, assets of the selling corporation.

A) True
B) False

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"Skateboard Growth." Both Bernie and John were presidents of small corporations involved with manufacturing and selling skateboards. Bernie's store was called "ABC Skateboard" and John's business was called "Skateboard for Health." Because a large sports store was coming into town, they, along with the boards of directors of the two companies and all shareholders, decided that it would be a good idea to combine the businesses. They decided to retain the name "Skateboard for Health." Bernie was concerned, however, with the change because, on behalf of his company, he was contemplating filing a lawsuit against Hank who had purchased 10 custom skateboards and had not paid for them. He was excited, however, about the prospect of not being liable for a lawsuit he expects to be filed by Greg who fell when a wheel came off on a skateboard sold by Bernie's corporation resulting in a serious ankle sprain and medical bills. After investigation, Bernie is aware that the wheel was negligently attached to the skateboard. Bernie told John that one reason he wanted to retain John's name was to prevent Greg from being able to recover against him. -Which of the following is true regarding Bernie's belief that Greg will be unable to collect anything for the accident after the joining of the businesses?


A) Bernie is correct that Greg will be unable to win in litigation against him so long as the joining is completed before Greg files the lawsuit.
B) Bernie is correct that Greg will be unable to win in litigation against him regardless of whether the lawsuit is filed before or after the joining so long as no judgment is entered prior to the joining.
C) Bernie is correct that Greg will be unable to sue him unless Greg files in court an objection to the joining and prevails.
D) Bernie is correct that Greg will be unable to win in litigation against him unless Greg can establish fraud in connection with the joining.
E) Bernie is incorrect, and the joining will have no effect on the lawsuit.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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In some states, when merger or consolidation is at issue, the right to vote and receive dividends is denied to dissenting shareholders who exercise their appraisal rights.

A) True
B) False

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